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RUBENS EDEVAL SARRAF
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SOCIOTERRITORIAL TRANSFORMATIONS CAUSED BY THE EXPANSION OF CAPITALIST AGRICULTURE IN THE CERRADO OF THE MICROREGION OF MACAPÁ/AP: An ANALYSIS OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OF ITAUBAL AND MACAPÁ, ON THE BANKS OF BR 156 AND AP 70.
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Orientador : RONI MAYER LOMBA
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Data: 21/12/2022
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The present study aims to analyze the recent territorialities caused by the advance of capital in agriculture. The theme is related to socio-territorial conflicts in the cerrado of Amapa. The problem raised in this work is: what socio-territorial transformations have been provoked by the expansion of capitalist agriculture? The general objective is to understand the impacts caused by capitalist agriculture on the traditional peoples and communities of the cerrado in the micro-region of Macapá/AP. The research is structured through dialectical historical materialism based on the understanding of the production of territory and the role of socio-territorial movements. We opted for the explanatory-descriptive study, for the quali-quantitative analysis, with field research procedures, based on oral interviews (recorded) with representatives of social movements of the quilombola peoples, agents of rural communities, with representatives of the State (agents of public agencies and secretaries), of groups focused on capitalist agriculture. In the interviews, references from each sector will be used. Quantitative data will be collected from agencies such as IBGE, CPT, Embrapa, RURAP and INCRA, because both the qualitative interviews will guide the understanding of the phenomenon of socio-territorial disputes and the data will be useful to quantify and territorialize the conflicts. It is hoped that the result of this work will contribute to reflections on the different modes of territorial organization, allowing the understanding of the ways of life and socio-territorial conflicts that exist as a result of capitalist agricultural exploration and the resistance of peasants to develop their activities.
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FABIO DA SILVA FERREIRA
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SOCIOTERRITORIAL CONFLICTS OF THE IGARAPÉ OF PALHA COMMUNITY, MUNICIPALITY OF FERREIRA GOMES, STATE OF AMAPÁ.
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Orientador : PATRICIA ROCHA CHAVES
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Data: 19/12/2022
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This project aims to analyze socioterritorial conflicts in the Igarapé of Palha community, located in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes, State of Amapá. The problem raised in this work is: What factors contribute to the occurrence of socioterritorial conflicts in the Igarapé of Palha community, in Ferreira Gomes, state of Amapá?. Through this, the project also seeks to understand the theoretical conceptions consistent with the territory, peasantry and social conflicts, in addition to understanding the peasant conflicts in Amapá. Regarding the hypothesis, it is believed that the factors that contribute to the occurrence of socioterritorial conflicts in Igarapé of Palha, among them, are: the lack of land tenure regularization by the public power, such as the definitive title of land ownership with the respective demarcation of the territory; the low performance on the part of the public power in resolving conflicts; and the pressure of large companies that force peasants to abandon their lands, consequently generating resistance and struggle. Among the methodological procedures that will guide the research are bibliographic research, field research, documentary research, photographic series, observations, interviews and the production and maps, in addition to surveys of the conflicts registered by the Pastoral Land Commission - CPT in the last ten years referring to Amapá and the Igarapé of Palha Community.
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HILDA HELENA DA SILVA
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CAPITALIST PRODUCTION OF THE TERRITORY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA OF FAZENDINHA - MACAPÁ - AP
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Orientador : PATRICIA ROCHA CHAVES
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Data: 15/12/2022
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The different models of occupation that were established in the Amazonian territory, and consequently in Amapá, reveal the different forms of appropriation and use of their territories, a consequence of the capitalist production relations now established. The way society starts to organize itself, due to this new way of producing, are guiding elements, which allow a historical reading of this process that reverberates in the capitalist production of the territory surrounding the APA da fazendinha. In Amapá, land use is presented from different perspectives. The environmental bias is one of these scenarios, which echoes in contemporary society, as an urgent discourse of planetary survival. The environmental preservation, built in the implementation of UC is, in fact, a governmental geopolitics, in order to assure to the State, the domain and control of portions of the territory. The globalized economy, enters and consolidates in the territory of Amapá, a new social relation with land, sustained in the possession of juridical instruments, guaranteeing to the capital, new ways of expansion and obtaining profit, through land ownership of the land. Faced with this scenario, the use of land was legitimized as a strategy in capitalist logic, producing and/or generating population concentration movements around privileged areas. This research intends to reflect and analyze how the advance of capitalist relations of production occurs in the vicinity of APA da Fazendinha, through the use and appropriation of this area. The basic concept that permeates this research is that of territory, as it is this category that enables multiple readings to understand socio-territorial realities. The different visions of the territory offer important contributions to understand the transformations in the territory of Amapá, based on the theoretical-conceptual discussions of Gottmann (2012), Raffestin (1993), Moraes (2008), Calabi and Endovina (1973), Moraes and Costa ( 1987), Souza (2000) and Oliveira (1978, 2007 and 2003). Due to the nature of the research object of study and to achieve the proposed objectives, Dialectical Historical Materialism was used. For the methodological procedures, the systematization and analysis of the documentary sources of creation of the APA, produced by SEMA and survey of the land situation with the SPU-AP, INCRA-AP, SEMA, PMM, AMAPÁ TERRAS and the Macapá Property Registry were carried out , field survey, with semi-structured interviews with SEMA, PMM, SPU-AP, PRODEMAC, INCRA-AP, AMAPA TERRA; application of questionnaires with the oldest residents of the surroundings of the APA, residents of the identified neighborhoods in the buffer zone and real estate developers, which unfolded in photographic records, qualitative analysis of data production of thematic maps. As a result, it was confirmed that the urban pressure exerted around the APA is a reflection of the urbanization process that the cities of Macapá and Santana are experiencing. This is due to the presence of developers, which in recent years have been promoting a process of land valuation in cities, promoting a population advance to trigger disordered, subnormal and/or spontaneous occupations, as well as potentially degrading activities, among which, the deforestation, destruction of habitats, dumping of domestic waste, fires, invasions that tend to impact the existence and maintenance of this UC.
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LUIZ EDEVALDO MIRANDA DE MELO
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The Geographic Concept of Landscape in the Conception of Teachers and Didactic Books in Elementary School II in Public Schools in Amapá
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Orientador : JOSE MAURO PALHARES
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Data: 09/12/2022
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The concept of landscape in the historiography of Geography is to try to bridge its meaning and the perception of the environment that surrounds us, understand it in its historical evolution, how it was understood and applied and its importance, as an object in the explanation and understanding of the relationship between society and nature. The way the landscape has been seized and taught within Geography mainly on the national scene exerts a strong influence on how we deal with our environment and how we face our challenges imposed on society, in all its dimensions. The construction of a consciousness of respect and solidarity is directly linked to the way the landscape was and is taught. In this sense, this study aims to analyze how the concept of landscape is being approached in Geography teaching, in the early years of elementary school, as well as to identify the evolution of the concept of landscape within geographic knowledge, in addition to identifying how the landscape is approached in textbooks, and then discuss and identify how books and teachers approach the theme, as well as, what demands are imposed on the concept of landscape. For this, bibliographic research, case study, was used as data collection, based on the contents raised in the Theoretical Framework on the importance, challenges, and legitimation of the identity of geographic science at the present time. From data analysis one can perceive the importance of listening to teachers to understand how the concept of landscape is operationalized for reflection, observation and understanding of the complexity of reality, and how its practice contributes to student education. Finally, the expected results are: identify whether the student is managing to give meaning and meaning, through the study of the landscape, for aspects that make up his lived and experienced reality; whether the methodologies identified are contributing to the total formation of the student, the central object of Geography teaching.
Keywords: Geography teaching; geographic knowledge; complexity.
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LANA PATRICIA DE MATOS DOS SANTOS
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GEOGRAPHY AND GENDER VIOLENCE IN THE FIELD: The Bom Jesus dos Fernandes Agrarian Reform Settlement – Tartarugalzinho/Ap in question
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Data: 30/09/2022
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The present dissertation entitled geography of gender violence in the countryside: the Bom Jesus dos Fernandes agrarian reform settlement in Amapá had as its theme gender violence in peasant territory in Amapá and started with the following problem: How is gender violence configured in the process of territorialization of Agrarian Reform Settlements in Amapá? The general objective was to analyze the configuration of gender violence in the territorialization process of the Bom Jesus dos Fernandes Agrarian Reform Settlement in Amapá. In this sense, the specific objectives are: to analyze the appropriation of the territory from the gender category and the territorialities of peasant women; to characterize Gender Violence in the peasant territory of the Bom Jesus dos Fernandes agrarian reform settlement, specifically with regard to the inseparability of body and territory. The research subjects were women from the Bom Jesus Fernandes settlement. The study revealed that violence in these territories is the product of a coloniality present in the individual and consequently in the territories, given that they are produced from power relations.
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JOEL LIMA DA SILVA
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SOYBEAN PRODUCTION: SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND TERRITORIAL IMPLICATIONS
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Orientador : GENIVAL FERNANDES ROCHA
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Data: 30/09/2022
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The present research is focused on the occupation of soybean. It is structured in three articles: the first analyzes data from the last 40 years of soybean production in Brazil, the second focuses on the last 10 years of production in Amapá and the last establishes the relationship between the area planted with soybeans and the deforested area. Soybean (Glycine max) represents more than ⅓ of the value of Brazilian agricultural production (R$ 125.6 billion in 2019). The growing demand of the world market for sources of protein such as soy, presses the incorporation of new areas of production of this oilseed in Brazil, which is the largest producer in the world. In the Legal Amazon, the soy planted area expanded beyond the Cerrado Biome, reaching a 377.8% increase in planted area in municipalities located in the Amazon Biome in the period from 2000 to 2019. The research indicates that this expansion of the area planted with soy occurs following the logistical corridors, as part of the strategies of business groups to achieve lower costs in accessing consumer markets. In Amapá, the beginning of production of this temporary crop generated expectations that were not consolidated due to not meeting conditions such as: availability of large areas suitable for planting and incipient land regularization.
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FABIANA DE SOUZA VILHENA
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GEOECOLOGICAL COMPARTMENTATION OF THE OIAPOQUE RIVER BASIN IN BRAZIL: REGIONAL AND LOCAL APPROACHES
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Orientador : FRANCISCO OTAVIO LANDIM NETO
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Data: 29/09/2022
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The work deals with the geoecological compartmentalization of the low course of the Oiapoque river basin, located in the northern part of the State of Amapá, Brazil. The Oiapoque River is the main tributary of the basin, which covers one of the most unique areas of the State of Amapá, historically marked by an intense and broad dynamics of land use and natural resources. The cross-border watershed of the Oiapoque River covers part of the State of Amapá, Brazil, and part of French Guiana, French Overseas Department, with about 32,000 km² of area and extension of the main river of 352 km, from the springs (Tumucumaque Mountains National Park) to the mouth (Atlantic Ocean). It presents a variety of landscape units and economic activities that are interconnected to multiple uses of water, which causes an overload in natural resources. In this context, this research aims to delimit and analyze the geoecological units present in the low course of the Oiapoque River hydrographic basin, discussing the potentialities and weaknesses that each compartment presents in relation to anthropic activities developed in the area, having as theoretical and methodological support the Geoecology of Landscapes and geoprocessing techniques. In methodological terms, the research followed phases applying geoecological analysis, which were: organization and inventory, analysis, diagnosis and propositional. To this end, maps were elaborated on the scale of 1:1,500,000, aided by more detailed surveys on a local scale, also supporting the elaboration of the land use and land cover map. From the integrated analyses between physical-natural and anthropogenic components, it was possible to delimit the seven geoecological units of the low course of the hydrographic basin, which are: wide and soft hills, dissected hills and low hills, low hills and low hills, marine river plains, conserved flattened surfaces, retouched or degraded flattened surfaces and dissected boards. The geoecological units were essential for the discussion about the potentialities and weaknesses, as well as to subsidize integrated management strategies for the reality of the basin, where the aspects already mentioned were taken into account, making a correlation with the land use and occupation of the perimeter of the hydrographic basin.
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JOCIANNY CARLA DA SILVA SARDINHA
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SANTANA PORT COMPLEX, AMAPÁ, BRAZIL: THE USE AND EFFECT OF TERRITORIAL POLICIES
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Data: 22/09/2022
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With the intensification of globalization and the new dynamics and scales of accumulation, orchestrated by the hegemonic agents of capital, within the global logic of accumulation by spoliation, the Amazon it is inserted as another space for the integration of the globalized economy and through territorial policies, implemented mainly by the State, several engineering systems (waterways, railways, highways, ports) are created for the fluidity of capital and consolidation of the region as a frontier of agricultural expansion. The Port Complex of Santana - CPS, is inserted within this logic, composing the logistic sands of export of Arco Norte, and the interest and use of this territory begins to be increasing by large corporations (such as the insertion of the port of Caramuru Alimentos and the port of Cianport, located in the CPS) mainly due to the synergy of territorial policies on a national, state and local scale, through decrees, laws, government programs, strategic plans and large projects, providing conflicting relations in Santana-AP. Thus, this dissertation has as a guide to analyze how territorial policies have reverberated in the production of port complexes in Santana, Amapá, taking into account their uses and territorial effects (2013 to 2021)? Aiming to analyze how port territorial policies reverberate over the territory of Santana, taking into account their uses and effects, from 2013 to 2021. The methodology adopted is based on the dialectical method, using as theoretical support the concept of territory (use of territory) and networks, also bringing the discussion of territorial policies and spatial adjustments. It has a qualitative approach, because it shows more closely the understanding of the complexity of the object under study, despite dialoguing with the quantitative approach. As for the methodological procedures used, this social research consists of: i) bibliographic research; ii) documentary research; iii) field research (systematic observation and semi-structured interviews); and iv) organization and analysis of data.
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JESIANE DA SILVA BARBOSA
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CITY AND GENDER: THE PERSPECTIVE OF WOMEN'S CARTOGRAPHIES IN THE VISIBILITY OF SPACES OF FEAR
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Orientador : JODIVAL MAURICIO DA COSTA
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Data: 05/08/2022
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This master's thesis aimed to analyze the social elements that engender spaces of fear in the daily life of the female gender, living in the city of Santana. Several social elements contribute to the production of fear in the city in a perspective ofwomen in a material and symbolic way. The research object was revealed from the realization of the focus group with
collaborators living in the city of Santana-AP and, therefore, the female cartography produced by these interlocutors was analyzed, as a possibility of instrument of representation and feminist struggle for the right to the city. In this sense, their experiences, experiences and perceptions of insecurity and fear were evidenced, in socializing in public spaces due to the various forms of violence that these women suffer in these spaces. The results of the research pointed to machismo as the main element of fear production in the city; therefore, this territory is produced and reproduced following sexist principles that inferiorize women, putting them in a situation of vulnerability to various types of violence in public spaces.
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ROMULO ALVES DE VASCONCELOS
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Socio-Spatial Transformations the Landscape on the Island of Santana-AP, in the period from 2005 to 2019
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Data: 02/08/2022
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The present research aimed to analyze the socio-spatial transformations in the landscape of the Island of Santana-AP, based on the category Socio-Spatial Formation, theorized by the Brazilian geographer Milton Santos and, allied to the understanding of the research proposal, the category Landscape was worked as a basic element for understanding the socio-spatial dynamics of the study area. The work contributed to the development of knowledge and skills regarding technical-scientific investigations and their unfolding in the search for a quality product, awakening a holistic and critical view of the structure and configuration of landscape and space, understanding that both are results of social relations and practices that have been happening throughout its historical-spatial context. The Ilha de Santana has a socio-spatial formation that is linked to the military interventions in the region by the Portuguese government of the time, King Philip IV, around the years 1637 and later by the pombaline policies in the region (1750-1777), and the island had owners, Bento Maciel Parente (hereditary captaincy) and Francisco Portilho de Melo (village) raised by Governor Mendonça Furtado in one of his visits to the region of Grão-Pará. The Ilha de Santana is located on the left bank of the mouth of the Amazon River, thus suffering the influence of the urban dynamics that has the river as its main ally in the geographic configuration of the region. Thus, the socio-spatial transformations in Ilha de Santana, come from its historical trajectory over the spatial-time, as already said Milton Santos (2020). In the current context of Ilha de Santana, the configuration of landscape and space, carry their historical traces and come together with economic and sociocultural actions, giving a dynamic and transformations in its landscape and space. This is evident, for example, when we see areas being occupied by people who are looking for a place to live, thus causing a densification and the problems that the urbanization process causes in spaces without an infrastructure that meets the desires of the community that occupies these living spaces. Therefore, the alterations and changes in the landscape and space of Ilha de Santana are visible.
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LUANA CRISTINA SABATINGA ROCHA
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THE LEGAL AMAZON: THE SPATIAL STANDARDS OF THE INCIDENCE OF HEAT FOCI.
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Data: 29/07/2022
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A presente pesquisa dedica-se a compreender as queimadas na Amazônia Legal, o objetivo geral desta dissertação busca compreender os padrões espaciais das incidências dos focos de queimadas nos Estados da Amazônia Legal. Em específico, busca-se quantificar os focos de queimadas registrados entre 2001 e 2020; mapear os focos de queimadas em Unidades de Conservação, Terra Indígenas, Assentamentos Rurais e em áreas de influência das rodovias federais, assim como compreender os padrões espaciais dos focos de queimadas. Outro interesse da pesquisa é analisar a correlação entre o desmatamento de corte raso e focos de queimadas. Considerando os padrões espaciais das incidências dos focos de queimadas e os atores sociais presentes na Amazônia Legal, tem-se como hipóteses de estudo que: a) Os Assentamentos Rurais e as Áreas de Influências das Rodovias constituem e representam as áreas com maior pressão antrópica e incidências de focos de queimadas; b) As Unidades de Conservação e Terras Indígenas constituem pelas suas características de uso as áreas que apresentam menor pressão antrópica e incidência de focos de queimadas. Nesta pesquisa, a região foi escolhida como categoria de análise geográfica fundamental para o entendimento da dinâmica da Amazônia Legal. Para os procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizados dados quantitativos e qualitativos, que consistiram na coleta e processamento de dados a partir de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Geoprocessamento. Foram utilizados os dados secundários do IBGE, INPE, EMBRAPA e de outras Instituições Governamentais para a caracterização da região amazônica, seus aspectos físico-geográficos e socioambientais. Para geração dos mapas dos focos de queimadas em Unidades de Conservação, Terra Indígenas, Assentamentos Rurais e em áreas de influência das rodovias federais, foram utilizados dados do sensor MODIS, abordo do Satélite de Referência AQUA, disponível no portal Banco de Dados de Queimadas do INPE, no período de 2001 e 2020, que aliados ao Terra View e o ArcGis permitiram a geração de distintos mapas, bem como compreender os padrões espaciais das incidências dos focos de queimadas nos Estados da Amazônia Legal e a incidência destes sobre os Atores Sociais. Como resultado deste estudo, os padrões espaciais dos focos de queimadas evidenciam que maior parte destes focos ocorrem na área de influência das rodovias federais, sendo que a maior incidência dos focos ocorre nos Assentamentos Rurais, seguido pelas Terras indígenas e com menor incidência nas Unidades de Conservação.
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ANTONIO CARLOS RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS
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SOCIO-SPATIAL SEGREGATION IN THE (RE) PRODUCTION OF THE URBAN: THE CASE OF THE WETLAND OF CANAL DO JANDIÁ IN MACAPÁ (AP)
JANDIÁ
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Data: 28/07/2022
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This research aims to analyze the socio-spatial segregation in the production of Macapa's urban space, taking the wetland “ressaca” anthropized area of the Canal do Jandiá as a case study, comprising the time frame from 2011 to 2020, when the State’s actions had greater impacts on segregation in this area. Therefore, the concepts of urbanization, urban segregation, and production of urban space are fundamental in understanding the spatial arrangements of wetlands, locally known as “ressacas”, which are occupied by the low-income population. The research methodology is of interdisciplinary qualitative-quantitative nature and involved bibliographic, documentary, and empirical studies. The bibliographic study aims to build the conceptual basis of the research; the documentary seeks to identify and analyze the legislation aimed at the wetlands of Macapá and the aspects that characterize the socio-spatial segregation in these environments. The empirical consists in the collecting information through semi-structured interviews with representatives of the Resident’s Associations of the Pacoval neighborhood and the Macapaba Housing Estate. The research revealed that the interventions of the State in the “ressaca” areas in Macapá, specifically in the Pacoval neighborhood, are partial and, in the case of the “ressaca” of Canal do Jandiá (an integrant part of this neighborhood), the population transferred to the Macapaba Housing Estate had access to housing, but without sufficient supply of services and urban infrastructure that would have a positive impact on their quality of life. In this way, the actions of public agents maintained the process of production of a city marked by socio-spatial segregation and urban planning has shown itself to be incapable of meeting social and environmental demands insofar as its actions are punctual and not systemic, especially in “ressaca” areas.
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ALAN PATRICK COIMBRA MELO
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ENERGY SECURITY IN THE AMAZON: THE BOTTLENECKS AND LIMITS OF ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY IN AMAPÁ
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Orientador : RONI MAYER LOMBA
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Data: 08/07/2022
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This dissertation deals with the context of production, transmission and commercialization of energy in Amapá in a recent scenario of privatization of the electricity sector and poor service to society. The intention is to address security within the scope of the Brazilian Energy Sector, more specifically in Amapá, having as a background the historical process of spoliation of Amazonian resources, through the formation of a structure to take advantage of the energy potential of the region in which production it is aimed at the most profitable consumer market (industry and large capital) to the detriment of the energy security of society in general. This research serves to alert to a risk scenario induced by the logic of the market present in the Brazilian energy system, which is revealed to be even more aggressive in the Amazon, when we realize that the infrastructure implemented in the region has as its primary objective, to enable the flow of production of energy, without creating a safe, efficient and equitable electricity system for the supply of electricity to the local population. The main question of this research is to understand what is the relationship between energy security in Amapá and the territorial policies that guide the expansion of the current model of electric energy production implemented in the Amazon? The following hypothesis was adopted: that the development of the electricity sector is a territorial policy that does not fully meet the needs of the local population, having as a background a historical process of dispossession in the Amazon, even determining a configuration of the system Amapá Electricity that prioritizes the transmission of energy to other federative units, to the detriment of the security of energy supply for the local population. This scenario of insecurity has as its main example, the electrical blackout of November 2020. As for the methodological procedures used in this research, the following route was guided from the proposed objectives, as axes of investigation: i) bibliographic research; ii) documentary research; iii) field research (systematic observation); and iv) data analysis and interpretation. The main result of this research was the identification of operational, administrative, technical and structural bottlenecks and limits, which together characterize energy insecurity in Amapá, as well as define a new stage in the process of development of the Amapá electricity sector.
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ANA VALERIA DE ALMEIDA PINHEIRO
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Housing of social interest and occupation in the hangover areas: case syudy of the macapaba I and II.
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Data: 26/05/2022
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The housing policy of social interest aims to promove housing to the low income population and perhaps taking these families from areas that are considered inappropriate to live. In Macapa city, capital of Amapa state, the areas that are considerate inappropriate to live are nominated “hangover areas” that behave as natural reserves of water, suffering the effects of the rain and the tides. have as base the population grown and perhaps the demand of habitation regardless the level of income, the occupation of these areas is a reality that is more and more constant. this way A research was developed based on the general objective of analyzing the territorial effects caused by the implementation of housing policy of social interest, from the study of the case “Macapaba Housing Set I and II”, that corresponds the biggest housing sat ever made on the city with more than 4000 housing unities intended to the low improve population, but the infrastructure of service sports and leisure offered by the public state power. to get to the objective approached a descriptive methodology used in the bibliographic research technique, documental, field study, photographic survey and field diary. The study divides in three sections: housing of social interest to have the knowledge of the genesis of this process well as it happens in the country; urban expansion and the stilts housing, showing the process of the city growing and the occupation of the hangover areas in the city, comparing with the hangovers that were attended by the set. The results show that the hangover areas attended by the housing set were effectively unoccupied, adding to the recuperation of the native vegetation of these áreas
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FELIPE LIMA MOREIRA ALBUQUERQUE
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GEOARCHEOLOGY IN ANTROSSOLS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN THE MIDDLE COURSE OF THE ARAGUARI RIVER AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR GEOCONSERVATION, FERREIRA GOMES, AMAPA-BRASIL.
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Data: 23/02/2022
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Geoarchaeological research shows that the origin of the Amazonian Archaeo-Anthrosols is directly linked to ancient indigenous villages, current archaeological sites, which are areas of soil associated with the accumulation of organic matter, artifacts and/or ceramic fragments and have a high fertility when compared to soils. natural in the Amazon. The Terra Preta Arqueológica (TPA), addressed in this work, belongs to the Anthrossolos class and are vestiges of extreme natural/cultural and scientific importance, as they keep the record of human occupation in the past. The present work proposes to investigate the geoarchaeological context of Anthrossolos in the archaeological sites Vila Triunfo, Monte Belo and Pedra do Índio, located in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes, state of Amapá, discussing the importance of Anthrossolos in cultural, economic and scientific values and how to use them. their pedogenetic properties to discuss subsidies/strategies for the geoconservation of these sites. To this end, a bibliographic survey of the environmental and cultural aspects of the area was carried out. The survey of the CNSA catalog sheets resulted in information on 65 archaeological sites. The fieldwork resulted in the collection of 17 soil samples that were collected in mini-trenches and morphological analyzes were carried out with the help of Munsell's (2017) and Lemos and Santos (2002) letter. The physical and chemical properties of the soils were obtained through laboratory analyses. The granulometry was determined by the international pipette method and the fractions separated by the principle of Stokes' Law. For the total chemical analysis, the samples were previously pulverized in Agate mortar and submitted to classical chemical analysis, by wet method, of the total contents of P, Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Mn and Cu. The extraction method adopted was multi-acid digestion and determined by ICP (Induced Coupled Plasma). For the available chemical analyses, the chemical parameters were verified, measured by determinations of pH in water, Organic Matter, P available, Ca, Mg, K and Al exchangeable. Through the information obtained, it was found that more than half of the archaeological sites in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes are in a moderate degree of preservation and have a high relevance. The morphological parameters identified comprise the geoindicators of ancient human presence in these places, especially in the Vila Triunfo and Monte Belo sites. All points collected showed a predominance of the sand fraction, over the others, allowing the identification of two main textural classes: Loam-Clay-Sandy and Areia Franca. The total chemical analyzes showed an enrichment of the soil by some elements, the analyzed points showed similarities between them, the most significant variations were observed in the P and Ca contents. The available chemical analyzes of the elements showed that the Vila Triunfo and Monte Belo sites have significant contents that configure a higher fertility potential in relation to the Pedra do Índio site, suggesting that the rock site was not used for housing. Anthrosols are areas that have a lot of potential in geoconservation studies, until then, little explored. Its contributions go beyond cultural information about the ancient peoples who inhabited the Amazon region, and may have economic and scientific/educational use. But for this to happen, strategies need to be created to subsidize the preservation of such heritage.
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CARLA DE MATTOS SANTOS
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Socioenvironmental impacts arising from the use and occupation of soil in the urban area of Laranjal do Jari-Amapa
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Data: 23/02/2022
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The historical process of expansion of the urban nucleus of Laranjal do Jari-Amapa, was marked by the accelerated and irregular growth and without planning. This is associated with the occurrence of negative environmental and social impacts. Thus, the present research has as its theme: Socio-environmental impacts resulting from the use and occupation of land in the urban area of Laranjal do Jari-Amapa. The concepts of the Theory of Geosystems were used in order to subsidize the studies for classifying degrees of environmental fragility in the area. The research focused on the identification and characterization of the socio-environmental impacts resulting from the use and occupation of urban land in Laranjal do Jari. This is an applied research, with a qualitative and quantitative approach and with a descriptive, exploratory and empirical analysis, guided by the use of bibliographic and documentary research, in addition to the collection of field data. Identified and characterized the socio-environmental impacts resulting from the use and occupation of urban land in the municipality, having as a spatial cut, areas of floodplain and dissected plateau. Areas susceptible to risk to geomorphic processes and floods were identified, relating environmental problems to use, land cover and social issues. As a result, four (04) maps were prepared for the urban area of Laranjal do Jari, based on thematic Information Plans (IP): Geology (G), Geomorphology (R), Pedology (S) and Vegetation (V). This information helped to define two Geosystems for the area: Geosystem 1 - represented by the Amazonian Plain, covers about 29.7% of the urban area of the municipality and is characterized by the fluvial plain of the Jari River, indicating a flat area, under the effects of the flooding processes of the Jari River; Geosystem 2 - represented by the Uatumã-Jari Plateau, encompasses 70.3% of the urban area of the municipality, being at risk from geomorphic processes, such as: erosive processes (laminar; concentrated flow: furrows and gullies); and mass movements (slips, landslides). All the information collected, together with the data collected in the field work, allowed the elaboration of the Environmental Fragility Map of the urban area of Laranjal do Jari, which allowed the individualization of two (02) Basic Territorial Units (BTU): one with a degree of MEDIUM fragility (2.1), located in the Uatumã-Jari Planalto Dissecado area, where erosive geomorphic processes and mass movements dominate; and another, with a VERY STRONG degree of fragility (2.8), in the Flood Plain region, where flood events associated with the floods of the Jari River and pluvial weather events prevail. Indeed, it is believed that the results and products/maps resulting from this research will greatly contribute to the urban planning of the municipality of Laranjal do Jari, as well as to the understanding of the potential and limitations of use and occupation of urban space, subsidizing decisions of managers. municipal and state, as well as the Civil Defense, Fire Department and civil society entities in general.
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ANA CLAUDIA SA DA CRUZ
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URBAN DYNAMICS IN THE CITY OF MACAPÁ/AP: SPATIAL INTERACTIONS ACROSS THE DUCA SERRA HIGHWAY
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Data: 22/02/2022
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Mostrar Resumo
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The cities of Macapá and Santana constitute the two largest urban centers in the state of Amapá. Located on the left corner of the Amazon River, they have a riverside essence and relationships that have been established since their genesis. To understand the space interactions between these two cities, its necessary to reflect on the formation process anteceents antecedents and territorial configuration that culminated in the both of urban growth. In the course of its trajectories, the State acted in the creation of the Federal Territory of Amapá (1943), transforming it into a state in 1988, and, later, with the implementation of the Free Trade Area of Macapá and Santana. These administrative, economic and political actions reflected in the place dynamics of the two cities, which began to concentrate a large part of the state's population and the main economic activities, reinforcing the sharing of functions and, consequently, the correlation between them. The main objective of this work is to analyze the spatial interactions that happens through the Duca Serra Highway, looking for understand some socio-spatial processes between Macapá and Santana that are part of the recent urban dynamics and colaborate these interactions. To analyze the relationship between these two cities, the historical context of their formation and territorial configuration, the production of urban space and the spatial interactions associated with the theory of circulation in the capitalist mode of production are considered, focusing on a dialectical approach to reality. experienced between two urban centers. The result of this work is relevant to characterize the socio-spatial processes of view inclusion of new agents that influence this context, as well as to understand the spatial interactions that makes through vehicle flows, seeking to spatialize and quantify them, verifying the different ways to move around and highlight segregation within the scope of urban circulation.
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