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The environmental protection area of the Curiaú River is a conservation unit that offers several ecosystem resources for the local population and visitors, presenting a unique scenic beauty and floristic and faunistic biodiversity. Within its limits there are also a diversity of special areas, such as a private reserve of natural heritage, a remnant territory of quilombola community and parts of two remaining quilombo communities, as well as permanent preservation areas and legal reserves. The objective of the research was to analyze the deforestation process of the area from 1991 to 2022. Methodologically, the research was carried out by satellite images in conjunction with remote sensing techniques, specifically applying the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The results represented periods of intense floristic devastation, however, there were periods of evident recovery of the environment, especially in 2022. The thematic maps corroborate the research conducted in the area and evidence the problems suffered by the resident population, such as the expansion of the urban network of Macapá and the development of soybean monoculture in amapaense savannas.

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Aquatic ecosystems are vulnerable to the carrying and increase of various types of contaminants, especially metals, from various anthropogenic sources. Thus, the study aimed to: evaluate the composition of vegetation cover and elevation of the area around the points in the middle and lower course of the Araguari River and whether it interferes with water quality, in addition to quantifying metal concentrations (As, Cd and Hg) in water, muscle and otoliths in the fish species Plagioscion squamosissimus. Sampling for water and fish collection was carried out in the middle and lower Araguari River, in the state of Amapá, between March and June 2019. Land use was carried out using the Argis software, evaluation of metals in tissue muscle was performed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique and the detection of metals in otoliths using the Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique. The stretches of the middle and lower Araguari River indicated higher proportions of forest fragments and expansions of buffalo pastures. The concentrations of Cd and Hg in the water samples in the middle and lower Araguari River showed values that did not comply with legislation and indicated risks for the preservation of aquatic biota. The concentrations of Cd in the muscular tissue of P. squamosissimus in the lower Araguari River presented values in disagreement with the Brazilian legislation, indicating risks to human health due to the consumption of its muscular tissue. The bioaccumulation factor indicated that the Hg was bioavailable in water. In addition, metals As, Cd and Hg were detected in otoliths in individuals from the middle and lower Araguari River. The highest As and Cd intensities in the otoliths were found in specimens sampled in the middle portion of Araguari River and Hg in the low portion. The results indicated that the Araguari River is undergoing processes of environmental disturbances, requiring projects aimed at the constant monitoring of this water resource, as well as mitigating measures to maintain the local biodiversity.

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This master thesis aims to make a propositional diagnosis of SALTA-z systems, installed in the
state of Amapá. When discussing and evaluating SALTA-z, as a tool capable of mitigating
water supply problems in rural areas in Amapá, adaptations to the system were proposed in
order to overcome the technical and managerial barriers identified in the diagnosis phase and,
thus, collaborate so that SALTA-z contributes to universal access to drinking water. The
methodological procedures were based on: a) collecting secondary data, b) evaluating the
alternative solution in the field, considering the axes: operational, social and treatment
efficiency of each evaluated system. The results indicated the existence of technical-operational
problems of the systems in the field, with emphasis on the discontinuity of the technology due
to energy deficiencies, the absence of monitoring of water quality parameters. It was also
verified that the training actions should be continuous, since there are management failures in
some stages of the social mobilization process, which impact the process of community
ownership of this social technology. As for the treatment of water by SALTA-z, a percentage
of removal greater than 90% of the microbiological parameters and 100% of iron removal was
observed. However, the pH became acidic after treatment in all evaluated cases. Based on these
results, solutions were proposed to the technical-operational and managerial obstacles
encountered, including a subsequent economic-financial assessment to integrate SALTA-z with
a photovoltaic energy source. This proposal resulted from observations of discontinuities in the
treatment system due to the lack of local energy generation. So, it was proposed that
photovoltaic pumping systems with variable speed drive present themselves as the best
alternatives compared to systems with battery storage. It is concluded that SALTA-z is a
promising alternative for the universal access to water in rural areas, although it still needs to
overcome all the obstacles reported in this research. 

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The present work investigated the parasitic fauna of Metynnis lippincottianusfrom the Curiaú River Environmental Protection Area. 200 specimens of M. lippincottianuswere collected with 7.99 ± 0.73 cm of total average length, 6.43 ± 0.63 cm of average standard length and 11.12 ± 3.58 g of average weight. M. lippincottianuspresented a parasitofauna composed of micro and macroparasites of five different taxa: Ciliophora, Cnidaria: Myxozoa, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes and Acanthocephala, within the genus and species were found Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodina sp.,Henneguyasp., Myxobolus sp., Contracaecumsp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Dactylogyridaegen sp., a larval stage platyhelminthes and Neoechinorrhychuspterodoridis. Of the specimens, 89% were infected by one or more parasites in various organs, such as gills, liver, integument, intestine, abdominal cavity, heart and gallbladder. For the endohelminths, prevalence, average abundance, mean intensity, dispersion pattern, species richness, diversity index and uniformity were evaluated for the others, only the prevalence was adopted, since they were not quantified for the other calculations. Despitethe richness of parasitizing species, it did not affect the factor of the host condition. The highest prevalence was for Henneguya. This was the first study in Metynnis lippincottianusthat there were reports of members of the Phylum Cnidaria: Myxozoa